August 30 is the International
Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearance. The crime of enforced
disappearance may be considered a way to create terror in society, when victims
are picked up and never seen again; and where victim families are left in a maelstrom
of fear, uncertainty and, in many cases economic crises. The international
community has condemned this form of human rights violation through resolution
65/209 ; where the UN General Assembly expressed its deep concern regarding the
increase in enforced or involuntary disappearances in various regions of the
world, including arrest, detention and abduction, when these are part of or
amount to enforced disappearances. Through this resolution the Assembly also
adopted the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from
Enforced Disappearance. [1]
The Government of Bangladesh has
ratified the Convention against Torture, but has yet to accede to the
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced
Disappearance. In Bangladesh today, the human rights violation of enforced
disappearances is on an alarming rise. In fact, when a person is arrested or
picked up by people claiming to be from a law enforcement agency, the common
fear is that he may be tortured – or disappear. According to statistics from
the human rights organisation, Odhikar, between January 2009 and 28 August
2014, 148 persons have disappeared. According to witnesses and family members,
they were picked up by persons either claiming to be law enforcers or wearing
uniforms. [1] Most of them never returned. Many such disappearances have also
resulted in extrajudicial killings, or to put it in a reverse order, almost all
extrajudicial killings somehow resulted from enforced such involuntary
disappearances. While the government keeps trying to wash its hands of the
matter, such incidents keep taking place, in a similar fashion — people going
missing, families and neighbours claiming that people in uniforms or plain
clothes, in white vans, have picked them up, law enforcement personnel denying
their involvement and refusing to record cases, some later being found dead
with marks of injury and few found alive, shaken and distraught. [2]
According to Ain o Shalish Kendro
(ASK) statistics, whereabouts of about 219 people, including Bangladesh
Nationalist Party’s organising secretary Ilias Ali and his fellow party man
Chowdhury Alam, have remained shrouded in mystery for years. Families of the
victims and witnesses blamed RAB for picking up 83 people while detective
branch for 38, ‘law enforcers’ for 55 and plainclothes men for 20 others
reported between January 2007 and August 2014, according to the ASK report. The
report also said that at least 70 leaders and activists of the opposition
Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat-e-Islami fell victim to enforced
disappearance while 37 others were activists of ruling Awami League. No case
was filed after the ‘incident’ of Ilias Ali along with his driver on the night
of April 17 in the capital’s Banani, rather a general diary was recorded and it
was still under investigation.
On April 27, an armed group
identifying themselves as ‘law enforcers’ had picked up seven people, including
Narayanganj panel mayor Nazrul Islam and senior lawyer Chandan Kumar Sarker
from Dhaka-Narayanganj link road. Their bodies were found floating in
Shitalakhya river after a few days. Families of the victims have accused RAB of
the killings in exchange for money. Following an order from the High Court, the
police arrested the then RAB-11 chief Tareque Sayeed Mohammad, also son-in-law
of cabinet member Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury Maya, the then special company
commander, Arif Hossain, and the then crime prevention company commander, Masud
Rana, on May 17 and May 18. So far eight RAB personnel have been arrested in
this connection. The RAB men confessed to committing the crimes before judicial
magistrates in Narayanganj under Section 164 of Code of Criminal Procedure. [3]
And of course few will forget the
abduction and disappearance of labor rights leaders Aminul Islam on the 4th of
April 2012 by security forces, only to be found dead 2 days later beside the
road in Ashulia, Savar in Dhaka, his body bearing signs of gruesome torture at
the hands of security forces. [10]
Abduction of students by State
forces:
On February 5, 2012 approximately
at 1.00 a.m. Al Mukaddas (22), 4th year student of the Department of Al Fiqah
and Mohammad Waliullah (23), a Masters candidate of Dawah and Islamic Studies
Department of Islamic University, were allegedly arrested and disappeared by
some persons who identified themselves as RAB-4 and DB Police members from
Savar.
Both were members of the Islamic
student organization Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir and were allegedly
detained by members of the RAB and the Detective Branch (DB) of the Bangladesh
Police on 4 February. They have not been heard from since and their whereabouts
are unknown. The RAB has denied detaining the two men in a statement to a
Bangladeshi newspaper. However, reports from several sources and a pattern of
disappearances thought to have been conducted by RAB in recent months cast
doubt on RAB’s denial. [4][5][6][8]
Mohammad Zakir Hossain, an
internee student of Dental at Dhaka Institute of Medical Technology disappeared
on 2nd May 2013 from Mohammadpur area of Dhaka city. It is highly
suspected that he was abducted by security forces RAB and DB that night after
he went out from house no. 19/6 Tkkapara, 2nd Floor, flat no. 4/e,
Mohammadpur on 2nd April night at 8.00 PM heading to Dental College Institute
in order to collect some important papers since he was never seen again. He was
the acting President of Adabar thana of Dhaka City West unit of Bangladesh
Islami Chatra Shibir.[5]
On April 5, 2013 at around
2:25am, members of Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) -5 arrested Mohammad
Anwarul Islam (28) the son of Mohammad Israil and Mosammat Nurjahan Begumof
Angariapara village in Chapainawabganj from house number 175 of Bil-Shimla
Moholla under Rajpara Police Station in Rajshahi district. Later, when family members
contacted the RAB-5 office, RAB notified that Anwarul had never been
arrested by them. An allegation of enforced disappearance was brought against
the members of RAB by Anwarul’s family members.
Upon inquiry, it was found that
Anwarul was a last year Master’s student of Mathematics department of Rajshahi
College. Moreover, he was the Office Secretary of the Islami Chattra Shibir of
Rajshahi district. Anwar was known as Masum in the area. He resided at his
maternal uncle, Mr. Fazlur Rahman’s house in Bil-Shimla Moholla for his
studies, since it was more convenient.[7]
Tazammul Ali, a student of the
department of Islamic Studies of Rajshahi University (RU), was abducted by
security forces on June 24, 2013 along with another student of Jahangirnagar University
Azizul Islam. As per witness testimony, at about 11.30 pm on June 23, 2013,
Tazammul and Azizul started their journey by a bus of Hanif Enterprise along
with Ismail Hossain who came to Dhaka for his physical treatment. Next day,
finishing their primary tasks, they went to call on a teacher of People’s
University (Former student of RU). At about 5.15 pm, after the meeting with the
teacher, they were waiting for bus in front of People’s University when, 8-10
members of Detective Branch (DB) of police abducted Azizul and Tazammul while
Ismail Ismail Hossain was able to run away as he was away from them. No
information on the two students has been uncovered to date. Witnesses said,
“The security personnel arrested and picked up them on a white micro bus”. However,
Police, RAB and other security forces have explicitly denied the fact of
abduction of those two students.[5]
The Abduction of Shukhoranjan
Bali:
Shukhoranjan Bali was initially a
state (prosecution) witness against Islamic cleric and senior Jamaat leader
Allama Delwar Hossain Sayedee at the International Crimes Tribunal, but became
a cause of serious embarrassment for the government when he decided to change
his previous statement implicating Sayedee in the murder of his brother in
1971. Instead he agreed to give evidence in favour of Sayedee claiming that the
Prosecution coerced him to give false testimony against Sayedee. On 5th
November last year, as he was on his way to the tribunal to testify accompanied
by Sayedee’s defense lawyers, he was allegedly abducted by law enforcement
officers in plain clothes and taken away in a police van. With a biased, state
censored media, the Government made sure that the Bali incident did not make
much noise.
The twist to the otherwise well
concealed incident dramatically came about recently when a local newspaper
published a report claiming that Bali is locked up in a Kolkata prison serving
a sentence of 105 days for illegally crossing borders to India.[9]
Taking all the above into
question, it is imperative that we all unite in understanding and realizing the
fact that enforced disappearances have become a huge problem in the country
today. Moreover, taking the fact that this phenomenon has spiked unnaturally
during the tenure of the present government (since 2009) should act a warning
to the world about the safety of human rights at the hands of this government.
The first step in any solution is the acknowledging of the fact that we have a
serious problem. Unfortunately, the government and the security forces still
deny any wrongdoing and alarmingly insist on anointing these regular
disappearances as “isolated incidents”. The government has done little, if any,
to alleviate the fears of common citizens, utterly failing in providing them a
better situation of law and order, which only seems to be becoming worse day by
day.
References:
1. “Out of Sight but not Out of
Mind” by Saira Rahman Khan
[http://1dgy051vgyxh41o8cj16kk7s19f2.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Statement_Out-of-Sight_30-August-14.pdf]
2. “Time to end enforced
disappearances”, New Age Editorial
[http://newagebd.net/43330/time-to-end-enforced-disappearances/]
3. The List grows longer, New Age
by Muktadir Rashid [http://newagebd.net/43141/the-list-grows-longer/]
4. Urgent Appeal for Action for
disappeared students Waliullah and Al-Mukaddas: Amnesty USA
[http://www.amnestyusa.org/actioncenter/actions/uaa04712.pdf]
5. Abduction and Enforced
Disappearances of 8 Shibir activists: Shibir website report
[http://www.shibir.org/english/news/category/21/807]
6. Bangladesh: Enforced
disappearance of Messrs. Al Mukaddas and Mohammad Waliullah, OMCT
[http://www.omct.org/urgent-campaigns/urgent-interventions/bangladesh/2012/05/d21920/]
7. “Arrest and enforced
disappearance of Mohammad Anwarul Islam by Rapid Action Battalion (RAB)
members”, Odhikar Report
[http://odhikar.org/arrest-and-enforced-disappearance-of-mohammad-anwarul-islam-by-rapid-action-battalion-rab-members/]
8. “Two persons were disappeared
after being arrested at Savar allegedly by RAB and DB Police”, Odhikar Report
[http://odhikar.org/two-persons-were-disappeared-after-being-arrested-at-savar-allegedly-by-rab-and-db-police/]
9. “Victim of the State: The
Disappearance and Reappearance of Shukhoranjan Bali” by Nabil ahsan, The
Platform [http://www.the-platform.org.uk/2013/05/29/victim-of-the-state-the-disappearance-and-reappearance-of-shukhoranjan-bali/]
10. “Fighting for Bangladesh Labor, and Ending Up in
Pauper’s Grave”, The New York Times [http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/10/world/asia/killing-of-bangladesh-labor-leader-spotlights-grievances-of-workers.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1]
Posters on the occasion of International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearance in Bangladesh:
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